Human Heredity - Cell & Heredity Courses - IPSE FPMIPA UPI Assignment

Cell & Heredity

Human Heredity 

Objectives

·         To observe the variations in human properties, in particular physical properties (phenotype)

·         To compare similarities and differences in the nature of the majority in the population class.

Basic Theory

In humans, each somatic cell has 46 chromosomes. With the light microscope, condensed chromosomes can be distinguished from one another, seen from the appearance. Each chromosome has a banding pattern line / certain lines when given a specific substance. If both chromosomes of each pair carry genes controlling the same inherited characters. For example, if a gene for eye color are placed at a particular locus on a chromosome, then the homologues of the chromosome will also have the gene that determines eye color at the equivalent locus. The occurrence of homologous pairs of chromosomes in a karyotype is a consequence of the origin of our sexuality. We inherit a chromosome from each pair of chromosomes from each parent. Thus the 46 chromosomes in somatic cells is actually two sets, each consisting of 23 chromosomes, one set of maternal and one paternal set. 

Phenotype can be considered as characteristics or traits that can be measured or real property owned by the organism. Characterize it appears to the eye, such as skin color or hair texture. Phenotype can also be tested for identification, as in the determination of numbers respiratory or serological testing of blood type. Phenotype is the result of gene products are expressed in a particular environment. However, genes have restrictions on it so that the environment can modify the phenotype.

                Genotype is all owned by an individual gene. Expressed  reveal genotype phenotype in an individual. Genotypes involving alleles at a single locus genotype can produce a
homozygous. Homozygous offspring can be produced from pure strain. The combination of heterozygous alleles resulting from different alleles.

Experiment result

a.      Heredity in human body

No	Name	Characteristics
		Roll Tongue	Dimple	Eye Color	Sole	Bent Thumb	Ear Lobe	Height	Blood
1.	Nadia Mubarokah	v	x	Black	v	v	Attached	159 cm	B
2.	Siti Kalimaya	x	v	Black	x	x	Attached	150 cm	A
3.	Rahmi Vina Shafira	x	v	Black	x	v	Attached	157 cm	B
4.	Weni Anissa Putri	v	v	Black	x	x	Hanging	160 cm	O
5.	Nabila Delyana	x	x	Brown	x	x	Hanging	155 cm	A
6.	Anis Nuur Faaizah	x	x	Black	x	x	Hanging	151 cm	A

b.      Blood type

No.	Name	Blood Type
		A	B	AB	O
1.	Septika Rahmawati		V
2.	Firdha Sarah Kartini				V
3.	Rahmi Vira Shafira		V
4.	Ulvi Asdi Salikha		V
5.	Anis Nuur Faaizah	V
6.	Hengky Kusniar				V
7.	Weni Anissa Putri				V
8.	Almira Rizky Pratami		V
9.	Siti Kalimaya	V
10.	Rena Siti Hasanah	V
11.	Liandha Arieska Puteri				V
12.	Nurul Azizah Al-Mar’ati				V
13.	Dyantie Nur Azizah				V
14.	Resti Rohmah Fatimah				V
15.	Lina Christina				V
16.	Echa Nurlaeli Naufal			V
17.	Nadia Mubarokah		V
18.	Salma Almira Hamdani			V
19.	Hanifah Diana Putri				V
20.	Regina Nur Luthfia			V
21.	Nabila Delyana	V
22.	Hurin Azka Millatina	V

No	Name	H1	H2	H3	H4	H5
1	Nadia Mubarokah	v
2	Siti Kalimaya	v
3	Rahmi Vina Shafira	v
4	Weni Anissa Putri	v
5	Nabila Delyana	v
6	Anis Nuur Faaizah	v
7	Almira	V
8	Lina	V
9	Rena	V
10	Ulvi	V
11	Liandha	V
12	Salma	V
13	Hurin	V
14	Firdha	V
15	Echa	V
16	Dyantie	V
17	Regina	V
18	Hani	V
19	Hengky	V
20	Nurul	V
21	Resti	V
22	Septika	V

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

#Hair middle digitalis

Hair middle digitalis is one of the phenotype that is controlled by multiples allele. The alleles that can define the middle digitalis are as follows:

Compound allele

H1:  there are hairs in all fingers except thumb

H2: there are hairs in middle, fore, and ring finger

H3: there are hairs in middle and ring finger

H4: there are hairs in ring finger

H5: no hair

Based on theory, the sequence of the dominance of the alleles should be H1>H2>H3>H4>H5.

c. Six Linkage

Figure 1:

Those are formulas of index finger length: index finger longer than ring finger (2<4); index finger equal in length to ring finger (2=4); index finger longer than ring finger (2>4).

Name	Genotype	Fenotype
Nadia Mubarokah	Point finger is shorter than the ring finger	Dominant
Siti Kalimaya	Point finger is shorter than the ring finger	Dominant
Rahmi Vina Shafira	Point finger is shorter than the ring finger	Dominant
Anis Nuur Faaizah	Point finger is shorter than the ring finger	Dominant
Weni Anissa Putri	Point finger is longer than the ring finger	Recessive
Nabila Delyana	Point finger is shorter than the ring finger	Dominant

 

 

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